摘要(Abstract)：
作为人权保障的工具,法律保留制度确立了立法相对于行政的优越地位。在今天,立法的这种优越地位更多地表现为法律保留之立法具有形成公民基本权利的特殊功能。中国现行宪法确立了民主、法治和人权保障的基本原则,它们构成了中国法律保留的宪法依据,也确立了全国人大在人权保障中的核心地位。我国应强化全国人大的民主正当性,完善全国人大的组织和结构,实现立法对人权保障事业中的特有价值。
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作者(Author): Ye Haibo;Qin Qianhong;
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参考文献(References)：
- ①Article 4 of the Declaration of Human Rights:Freedom refers to the right to engage in any harmless activities.Therefore the only limitation of the exercise of every man’s natural rights is to ensure that other members of society could enjoy the same rights.Such limitation can only be prescribed by law.
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- The Legislative Law established the specific rules of reservation of law,however,its illustration of the legislative power of the NPC and its standing committee did not reflects any limitation,on the contrary,it indicates that the NPC and its standing committee enjoy an unlimited legislative power.
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- Article 2 of the Electoral Law of the China NPC and Local People’s Congresses of PRC stipulates:the representatives of the National People’s Congress,and the representatives of local people’s congress in the province,autonomous region,municipality directly under the central government,town and autonomous prefecture,are elected by the lower people’s congress.
- Article 3 of the Constitution of the PRC stipulates that,“the state administrative body,judicial apparatus,and investing and prosecuting apparatus are elected by the NPC and are responsible for it and supervised by it.”
- The Legislative Law enacted by the NPC stipulates that the compulsory measures and penaltie against the restriction of personal freedom can only be prescribed by law.But after the publication o the Legislative Law,the previous laws and regulations,which are opposite to the legislative law,such as the provision of reeducation through labor did not terminate.In addition,on May 17,2005,the people’s government of Guangdong province enacted the“Measures for the Management of the Use Right of Collective Construction Land in Guangdong Province”,which is in conflict with the Land Management Law of the PRC,thus in violation of the provision of“legal hierarchy”in the Legislative Law.Of course,as will be analyzed later,we cannot simply deny the provisions of the people’government in Guangdong province.
- To implement the direct election of the NPC we must consider the problem whether the standing committee of the NPC should exist.Based on the practice of democracy around the world,it is rare in the word that a Chinese institution composed of about one hundred people should make decisions on behalf of one billion three hundred million people.
- ZOU PINGXUE,supra note 71,57.
- For example,in the 29th Meeting of the 9th Standing Committee of the NPC,when various groups discussed the draft of Portfolio Investment Fund Law,there was only one legal expert expressing his opinion in one of the groups,and other members have not come up with any comments.
