摘要(Abstract):
群体权利在人权领域备受争议,其理论上的正当有效性、道德上的可防卫性以及使用这一概念的必要性始终遭受质疑。笔者认为争议的发生概因单纯使用人权思维或法学思维所致。群体权利是一个跨学科概念,唯有冲破传统单一的人权思维、法学界限,交叉使用法学、政治哲学、人类学及文化学等学科工具,才能正确理解这一概念,有效为之辩护,并真正解决由它衍生出来的理论和实践问题。人权的目的在于保护人的尊严和福利,而尊严和福利是复杂多面的,所以它必然是立基于集体和个人层面相互关联的复杂利益网络之上的。简单地将人权划分为"个人权利"和"群体权利",再将二者放在相互对立的两极,从理论分析和实际操作上都是把人权片面化、简单化了。更站得住脚的立场应该是:个人权利有群体层面,群体权利也有个人层面,个人权利和群体权利保护难以分割。这一改良立场可解决当前国际少数人权利保护领域论争的核心理论及实践问题,并促使我们将更多的注意力投入到三个方面:一是个人权利和群体权利的相互作用及交融;二是明确权利保护的短期目标和长期目标,关注并规范短期及长期目标的关联及互动;三是更好地平衡伸张少数人文化正义及保护国家地缘政治安全之间的关系。
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作者(Author): 魏华;
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参考文献(References):
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