摘要(Abstract)：
防空识别区是一国为国家安全目的而设置的对航空器进行识别的特殊区域,是国家行使管辖权的结果。其在国际法上的依据基于剩余权利原则,也可以部分地基于专属经济区的规定,但其规范形式主要是国内法,其性质不属于国际习惯。其法律性质不同于领空,也不等同于专属经济区及公海。中国设置东海防空识别区,表明了对长期以来国际社会存在的做法的认可,丰富、推动着相关国际实践向前发展,成为国际通例乃至国际习惯。东海防空识别区与其他国家防空识别区的重叠不与现行国际法冲突。
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作者(Author): 李居迁;Li Chao;
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参考文献(References)：
- 1#12
- 2 Not alone,the International Law,which is quite prominent in China,written by the British scholar Malcom Shaw does not cover the topic of ADIZ.Anthony Aust,the long-term former legal consultant for British Foreign and Commonwealth Office,wrote the Handbook of International Law and only mentioned several words of the phrase ADIZ when talking about international airspace.He wrote that“for many years,the United States and Canada have had air defense identification zones(ADIZ and CADIZ respectively)and require all aircraft when entering them and intending to land in their territory to identify themselves and conform to the directions of ground control,even when over the high seas(the zones reach half way across both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans).This requirement is loosely based on article 11 and is apparently acquiesced in by other States”.It can be seen that the topic of ADIZ does not attract much attention in both theoretical and practice fields.
- 3 Id.
- 1 These six articles include:He Bei,The Legal Basis and Suggestions for Establishing Air Defense Identification Zone in China,11 Research on Rule of Law 30,30-34(2013);Wang Congmin and Zou Ligang,On the Establishment of Air Defense Identification Zone in China’s Exclusive Economic Zone,1 Law Science Magzine 95,95-99(2013);Zhao Pengcheng,On the Legal System of Establishing Air Defense Identification Zone in China,10 Legal System and Society 94,94-95(2009);Xue Guifang and Xiong Xuyuan,On the Legal Theories of Establihsing Air Defense Identification Zone,6 Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)37,37-39(2007);Zhang Lin and Zhang Rui,The Legal Basis of Establishing Air Defense Identification Zone,6 Journal of Xi’an Politics Institute of PLA 77,77 -78(2007);and Ivan L.Head,Air Defense Identification Zone,International Law and Ajoining Spaces,6 China Legal Science 145,145-158(2001).
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- 4On the official website of the United Nations,the meaning of ADIZ always states as follows:“Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready identification,location and control of airborne vehicles are required.Such zones,which are established for security reasons by some States,extend in some cases up to 300 miles beyond the territorial sea.”
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- The Website of Chinanews,at http://www.chinanews.com/mil/2013/11-23/5538430.shtml(Last visited on July 3,2014).Yang Yujun,the spokesman of Ministry of National Defense,said in a press conference that“since the 1950s,more than 20 states,including some big countries and countries around China,have successively established ADIZ.”According to the count of Elizebeth Cuadra,before 1978,there were only 12 states or regions that had established ADIZ.They are:the U.S.,Canada,Myanmar,Iceland,India,Japan,South Korea,Amman,the Philippines,Sweden and Taiwan Province.
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- This means that to some extent,the jurisdiction can extend to the foreign object,though the object is not the aircraft.
- Supra note 42,article 100 and 101.
- Regard to the establishment of East China Sea,Japan and the U.S.had some words and criticized China.The spokesman of Ministry of National Defense,Yang Yujun responded to their accusation.At http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-11/25/c_118270945.htm(Last visited on July 7,2014).
- The Legislation Law,article 71.
- Id.,article 78 and 79.
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- The Announcement of the Aircraft Identification Rules for the East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone of the People’s Republic of China,article 2.
