As a new type of production factor, data poses systematic challenges to the traditional principle of strict observance of contracts with its dynamic nature, non-consumability and replicability. By contrast, the performance standards, modification and termination mechanisms, and remedial frameworks of traditional contract law are constructed around the 'static delivery', which struggles to adapt to the ongoing licensing services, dynamic value assessment, and prominent negative externality risks in data transactions. Therefore, it is imperative to dynamically adapt the principle of strict observance of contracts in the future, constructing a set of flexible rules with process governance at its core. By refining performance norms, optimizing modification and termination mechanisms, and strengthening post-contractual obligations, a balance can be achieved in data transactions between fairness and efficiency, between reliance protection and risk prevention and control, and between static and dynamic interests. This will provide the support of private law order for the market-based allocation of data factors that aligns with the digital economy in China.
内容提要 数据作为新型生产要素，其动态性、非消耗性与可复制性对传统合同严守原则提出了系统性挑战。传统合同法围绕“静态交付”构建的履行标准、变更解除机制及救济框架，难以适应数据交易中持续的许可服务、动态的价值评估以及突出的负外部性风险。因此，应对合同严守原则进行动态化调适，构建以过程治理为核心的弹性规则体系，并通过完善履行规范、优化变更解除机制并强化后合同义务的方式，平衡数据交易中的公平与效率、信赖保护与风险防控、静态利益与动态利益，为数据要素的市场化配置提供契合数字经济的私法秩序支撑。