Under China’s unique legislative system of civil and commercial integration, articles 83 and 132 of the Civil Code, together with article 21 of the Company Law, have formed a hierarchical structure of provisions of prohibiting the abuse of commercial rights (PPACRS), which has led to challenges to the coordinated application. Furthermore, the methodology for forbidding the escape into general provisions has remained largely at a theoretical level, under which general provisions can only be applied in the absence of specific rules or in case of rule conflicts. The issue of the order of application of general provisions embedded in civil and commercial relations has not been fully resolved. First, this paper reviews the hierarchical legal structure of the PPACRS. Second, it summarizes three models in judicial practice, namely the priority application of the Company Law, the coordinated application of tort law, and the bottom-line application of articles 83 and 132, and discusses the main issues involved. Third, it explores the development of the PPACRS from judicial application to legislative design and proposes the PPACRS should be introduced in fundamental commercial law. Within the context of building an independent discourse power in commercial law, a hierarchy of PPACRS application will be formed in order. This is intended to reduce the opportunities for mistakes such as escaping into the general provisions of the Civil Code, and avoid improperly handling commercial cases with civil law thinking, or conversely applying commercial law thinking to civil cases.
内容提要 基于独特的民商合一立法体例，《民法典》在规定私法禁止私权滥用原则基础上，对营利法人出资人权利滥用问题作了规定，并通过《公司法》对权利滥用主体范围作了拓展。由此，中国的禁止商事权利滥用条款层级结构初具雏形，同时带来《民法典》内外条款协调适用难题。另一方面，长期以来“防止向一般条款逃逸”的认知止于法律具体规定不足或冲突情形下才予适用的一般法理层面，对于嵌入民商关系的一般条款适用次序问题，没有得到充分解决。为此，本文对《民法典》第83条、第132条，以及《公司法》第21条、第23条的层级构造作了考察，归纳出禁止商事权利滥用条款三种适用模式和存在的问题，并从司法适用到立法设计方面作出探讨并建议写入禁止商事权利滥用条款。在构建商法学自主知识体系的语境下形成从商事特别法一般条款、商事基本法一般条款、《民法典》内补充型一般条款至《民法典》内替代型一般条款的适用位序结构，从而减少以民法思维不当处理商事案件或误用商法思维处理民事案件的机会，为完善现行商事行为效力评价机制提供更优方案，以持续优化法治化营商环境。