The circumstances of the cognition mistakes of illegality primarily arise in the types of statutory offenses, whose legislative value emphasizes the normative maintenance of social order. Allowing actors to raise a defense based on the existence of the cognition mistakes of illegality aligns with the requirements of rights protection. Grounded in the principles of modern rule of law and the balance between rights and order, it should be recognized that the cognition mistakes of illegality can affect culpability, and further, specific criteria should be established for determining the negation or mitigation of culpability in cases of such mistakes. The determination of whether a cognition mistake of illegality has been established should adopt the actor standard, which corresponds to a logic prioritizing rights. In contrast, the determination of whether the mistake was avoidable should primarily adopt the ordinary person standard, supplemented by the actor standard, which corresponds to a logic prioritizing social order while accommodating the balance of rights.
内容提要 违法性认识错误的情形主要存在于法定犯的类型中，而法定犯的立法价值侧重于对秩序的规范维护。允许行为人提出存在违法性认识错误的抗辩符合权利保障的要求。立足于现代法治原则以及权利与秩序的相互平衡，应当承认违法性认识错误会影响责任判断，进而确立违法性认识错误时的责任阻却或者责任减轻的具体判断标准。违法性认识错误成立的判断应当采取行为人标准，其对应权利优先的逻辑，而错误是否具有可避免性的判断则应当以社会一般人标准为主，兼采行为人标准，其对应秩序优先、兼顾权利平衡的逻辑。