作者：杨贝
作者介绍：对外经济贸易大学法学院教授、司法裁判研究中心研究员
出版日期：2026年10月9日
内容提要 一般人标准在司法实践中被广泛地隐性适用，涉一般人标准案件的上诉率、改判率远高于普通案件，根源在于一般人标准的规范属性不明。为规范一般人标准的适用，应明确其作为法律规范的属性。鉴于我国的规范理论以规则与原则二分为主导，在此框架下，一般人标准更适合归为法律原则。一般人原则是对社会主义法治精神的凝练与具化，是对既往司法实践的承认与尊重，亦是以人民为中心的价值论、认识论、方法论在司法裁判中的贯彻。一般人原则的确立是对我国法律规范体系的完善，亦是建构中国自主的司法裁判理论的重要探索。在适用路径上，应明确一般人原则为司法裁判领域普遍适用的学理型裁判原则；其适用应以显性方式纳入方法论的轨道，在满足特定前提条件的情况下，在个案中完成具体化并加以论证。
关键词 司法裁判 一般人标准 一般人原则 以人民为中心
Abstract: The criterion of ordinary people (COP) is widely implicitly applied in judicial practice, resulting in significantly higher appeal and revision rates for cases involving such criterion compared with ordinary cases. The root cause lies in the undefined normative nature of COP. To regulate their application, the criteria shall be confirmed as legal norm. Given that China’s normative theory is dominated by the dichotomy of rules and principles, within this framework, COP is better categorized as a legal principle. The principle of ordinary people (POP) condenses and instantiates the spirit of socialist rule of law, acknowledges and respects prior judicial practice, and implements the people-centered outlook on values, epistemology and methodology in judicial adjudication. Establishing POP improves China’s system of legal norms and constitutes an important exploration to construct an indigenous Chinese theory of judicial adjudication. In terms of application approaches, POP should be defined as an academic adjudicative principle with universal applicability in judicial adjudication. Its application should be incorporated into the methodological framework in an explicit manner. When preconditions are satisfied, the principle shall be specified on a case-by-case basis and the specification shall be given reasons.