作者：夏江皓
作者介绍：中国政法大学人权研究院（当代法治研究院）副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2026年10月9日
内容提要 亲属之间的扶养义务源于身份伦理，个人在身份关系中的位置决定了其必须履行的义务内容，故应根据亲属身份关系的差序格局构建具有中国特色的扶养体系。在当代中国亲属身份关系的差序格局中，距离个人中心最近的是夫妻关系，其次是亲子关系，二者纵横交错构成一个人最核心的亲属身份关系，再次是（外）祖父母和（外）孙子女关系、兄弟姐妹关系。对亲属扶养的条件、顺位和法律效果，均应以扶养的基础理论为指引，进行相关法律规范的解释与适用。扶养义务的履行与夫妻债务、离婚经济帮助、离婚损害赔偿及离婚协议等夫妻财产关系规范之间的关联也应基于扶养理论进行阐释。为了鼓励亲属扶养，《民法典》规定了扶养的奖惩机制。对亲属扶养的探究需要秉持系统融贯的思维，将其置于整个《民法典》的体系脉络中，彰显中华优秀传统文化对现代法治的有益影响。
关键词 亲属扶养 身份伦理 民法典体系 夫妻财产关系 婚姻家庭编
Abstract: The maintenance obligation between relatives originates from identity ethics, and an individual’s position within the identity relationship determines the content of the obligations they shall perform. Therefore, a maintenance system with Chinese characteristics should be constructed in accordance with the differential order of kinship status. In the differential order of contemporary Chinese kinship identity relationships, the closest is the spousal relationship, followed by the parent-child relationship. These two, intersecting vertically and horizontally, form the core of an individual’s kinship identity relationships. Next are the relationships between grandparents and grandchildren, and between siblings. The conditions, priority order, and legal effects of kinship maintenance shall all be guided by the foundational theory of maintenance in the interpretation and application of relevant legal provisions. The interconnections between the performance of maintenance obligations and the norms governing spousal property relations, including spousal debts, post-divorce economic assistance, divorce damages, and divorce agreements, shall also be elucidated from the perspective of the theoretical foundation of maintenance. To encourage kinship maintenance, the Civil Code provides a ‘reward and punishment mechanism’ for maintenance. The exploration of kinship maintenance requires a systematic and coherent approach, situating it within the overall framework of the Civil Code, so as to manifest the beneficial influence of fine traditional Chinese culture on the modern rule of law.