作者：冉克平
作者介绍：同济大学法学院教授
出版日期：2026年10月9日
内容提要 在数字时代，征信类机构与信用监管机构记录、归集、整理、利用和共享数字化的市场信用信息与公共信用信息并实施奖惩措施，这既是数字信用的塑造过程，也是数字技术的权力化及其运用的过程。数字信用无法被私法上的名誉权客体所涵盖，其权利属于一般人格权的范畴，具有宪法基本权利与民事权利的双重属性，在内容上包括信用信息及其评价的真实性、完整性与公正性。征信类机构享有的数字信用私权力与数字信用监管机构行使的数字信用公权力在运行方式和制度逻辑上呈现高度相似性，为提炼“数字信用权力”提供了法理基础。数字信用权力可以作为社会信用立法中连接市场信用与公共信用的规范概念。我国社会信用体系建设应在“数字信用权力—数字信用权利”的法治框架下展开，将数字信用权力约束于合理限度之内，通过公法与私法的协同治理，实现数字信用权力运行与数字信用权利保护之间的平衡。
关键词 社会信用体系 数字信用 数字信用权力 市场信用 公共信用
Abstract: In the digital age, credit reporting agencies and credit regulatory agencies record, collect, organize, utilize, and share market credit information and public credit information, and implement reward and punishment measures. This is not only the process of shaping digital credit, but also the empowerment and application of digital technology. Digital credit can no longer be covered by the object of reputation rights in private law, but belongs to the category of general personality rights. This right has dual attributes of constitutional basic rights and civil rights, including the authenticity, completeness, and fairness of credit information and its evaluation in terms of content. The digital credit private power enjoyed by credit reporting agencies and the digital credit public power exercised by digital credit regulatory agencies exhibit a high degree of similarity in their operational methods and institutional logic, providing a legal basis for extracting ‘digital credit power’. It can serve as a normative concept for social credit legislation to connect market credit and public credit. The construction of China’s social credit system should be placed under the legal framework of ‘digital credit power — digital credit rights’, constraining digital credit power within reasonable limits, and achieving a balance between the operation of digital credit power and the protection of digital credit rights through the coordinated governance of public and private law.