作者：江溯
作者介绍：北京大学法学院研究员
出版日期：2026年8月9日
内容提要 在“贯通刑法体系与刑事政策”的理念指引下，功能主义刑法体系近二十年来在我国发展出独具特色的本土叙事，解释论、违法论与责任论得到了全面的功能化改造。本土功能主义刑法体系具有系统功能主义的优先性、刑事政策的个案指向性以及需罚性判断的体系融贯性等特征。但是，系统功能主义损害了刑法的行为指引和公正归责功能，本身蕴含难以有效控制的方法论危险。犯罪论的阶层结构本质上是应罚性条件的具体化，无法当然地适用于需罚性的判断。我国的功能主义刑法体系不应采取所谓贯通立场，刑法体系和刑事政策的理想关系应是有序的分工协作，即遵循个人功能主义方法的刑法体系致力于实现对个人的公正处罚，在个人功能主义形塑的限制框架内，带有系统功能主义色彩的刑事政策可在量刑阶段发挥对刑罚的调整作用。
关键词 刑法体系 刑事政策 功能主义 应罚性 需罚性
Abstract: Under the guidance of ‘integrating the criminal-law system with criminal policy’, the functionalist criminal-law system has developed a distinctive local narrative in China over the past two decades. The doctrines of interpretation, unlawfulness, and responsibility have all undergone comprehensive functionalist transformation. This local functionalist criminal-law system is characterized by the priority of systems functionalism, the case-oriented nature of criminal policy, and the systematic coherence of judgments on the need for punishment. However, systems functionalism impairs the criminal law’s functions of conduct guidance and just attribution, and it contains methodological risks that are difficult to control effectively. The stratified structure of the theory of crime is, in essence, a concretization of the conditions of desert of punishment, and therefore cannot be automatically applied to judgments concerning the need for punishment. China’s functionalist criminal-law system should not adopt the so-called integrationist position. The ideal relationship between the criminal-law system and criminal policy should instead be one of orderly division of labor and cooperation: a criminal-law system guided by methodological individualist functionalism should be committed to achieving just punishment of the individual; within the limiting framework shaped by individualist functionalism, criminal policy with a systems-functionalist orientation may play an adjusting role at the sentencing stage.