作者：艾明
作者介绍：西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心教授
出版日期：2026年8月9日
内容提要 现代刑事诉讼中的证据准入是指由法院来审查证据是否具备进入审判阶段法庭调查程序、成为证据调查对象的资格。历经十余年发展，我国已初步构建起刑事诉讼中的证据准入制度，形成了符合证据审查发展趋势的“证据准入—证据评估”二元阶层结构。但从比较法、司法实践以及未来改革方向角度审视，该制度在实体和程序方面仍然存在一些问题。未来我国应适当扩大证据准入制度筛选证据的范围，将证据的适格性确定为证据准入制度的核心概念，构建以庭前会议为主的证据准入审查程序，采取“异议+释明”模式减轻被告人的程序启动责任。
关键词 刑事诉讼 证据准入 证据评估 证据收集的合法性 证据的适格性
Abstract: In modern criminal procedure, admission of evidence refers to the court’s review of whether evidence is qualified to enter the court’s investigative procedure at trial and become the subject of evidence examination. After more than a decade of development, China has initially established an evidence admissibility system in criminal procedure, forming a dual-tier structure of ‘evidence admissibility — evidence assessment’ that conforms to the global trend of modern criminal evidence review. Nevertheless, from the perspectives of comparative law, judicial practice, and future reform orientation, several deficiencies persist in both substantive and procedural aspects of this system. Going forward, China shall further improve the system by taking such measures as appropriately expanding the scope of evidence screened by the evidence admissibility regime, establishing admissibility of evidence as the core concept, constructing a pretrial conference-centered procedure for reviewing evidence admissibility, and adopting an objection plus clarification model to reduce the defendant’s burden of initiating the relevant procedure.