作者：丁如
作者介绍：中国政法大学国际法学院、涉外法治学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2026年8月9日
内容提要 对接国际高标准经贸规则是推进我国制度型开放的核心命题。在我国自贸试验区（港）实践中，“对接”已从政策试点的实践逐步演进为一种具有稳定特征的新型制度安排，即“对接制度”。该制度承载着联动国内法治与国际法治、创造性转化国际规则以及引领国际经贸规则变革的三重功能。通过对自贸试验区（港）典型政策文件与改革实践的类型化分析，可以提炼出规则对接、原则对接和引领式对接三种主要类型。当前对接实践仍面临规则转化浅层化、运行协同机制不畅、国际引领效应不足的困境。为此，我国可深化国际高标准经贸规则的类型化对接，落实试验性立法程序与比例原则，并通过双边、区域及多边渠道引领国际经贸规则重塑。
关键词 对接高标准国际经贸规则 涉外法治 自贸试验区（港） 国有企业改革
Abstract: One of China’s key mechanisms for institutional opening-up is to proactively align with the high-standard international economic and trade rules. In the practice of China’s pilot free trade zones (ports), ‘alignment’ has gradually evolved from a policy pilot practice into a new type of institutional arrangement with stable characteristics, namely the ‘alignment institution’. The alignment institution performs three major functions: linking domestic rule of law with international rule of law, creatively transforming international principles into domestic law, and leading the reform of international economic and trade rules. Through a typological analysis of typical policy documents and reform practices in pilot free trade zones (ports), three main types of alignment institutions can be identified: alignment with rules, alignment with principles, alignment through pioneering norms and rules. Current alignment practices are confronted with difficulties such as insufficient transformation of rules, inadequate coordination mechanisms in implementation, and lack of leadership in pioneering alignment. To address these challenges, efforts should be made to further align with high-standard international economic and trade rules through different types, implement experimental legislative procedures and the principle of proportionality, and guide the reform of international economic and trade rules through bilateral, regional, and multilateral channels.