Against the backdrop of the booming market of embodied intelligence, the inherent infringement risks warrant heightened vigilance. Characterized by the concealment and unpredictability of its actions, traditional tort liability rules face multiple challenges, including establishing tortious facts, selecting imputation principles for liable entities, determining causation, and identifying defenses. In the era of human-machine symbiosis, tort law should further undergo a transformation in its underlying logic across three dimensions: emphasizing distributive justice, establishing the independence of the preventive function, and integrating harmony as an objective. Consequently, the reconstruction of tort liability rules should involve: appropriately lowering the standard of proof for tortious facts; applying existing product liability rules to producers and sellers while refining the standards for identifying ‘defects’, applying a presumption of fault principle to users and clarifying their duty of care; addressing the difficulty in establishing causation through a joint liability approach; and strictly determining victim fault and intent while moderately weakening the application of the victim consent rule.
内容提要 具身智能在市场发展火热的背景下，其蕴含的侵权风险值得高度警惕。具身智能侵权基于行为实施的隐蔽性、不确定性等特征，对侵权事实认定、责任主体归责原则选择、因果关系认定以及抗辩事由认定等传统侵权责任规则带来了巨大挑战。在人机共生时代，侵权法应当进一步完成哲学基础层面分配正义的凸显、功能属性层面预防功能的独立以及价值追求层面和谐目标的融等三大底层逻辑的转型。在此基础上，具身智能侵权责任规则的重塑应当从以下几个方面出发：适当降低当事人对具身智能侵权事实的证明标准；对具身智能生产者、销售者适用既有的产品责任规则并完善“缺陷”的认定标准，同时对使用者适用过错推定原则，明确使用者注意义务；以生产者、销售者、使用者共同担责的方式应对因果关系认定难的问题；严格认定受害者过错和故意，适度弱化受害者同意规则的适用。