作者：谢冰清
作者介绍：中南大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2026年6月9日
内容提要 受家国同构治理理念与传统儒家文化的影响，家庭责任始终在养老照护责任体系中居于核心地位，并经历了从绝对责任到家国责任分离、再转向多主体共担责任的法律演进。在家庭、社会、国家等多元主体共存的养老照护责任体系中，法律对责任的不同调整与分配会形塑不同的家庭责任模式。我国应从尊重传统文化与维护家庭伦理的角度出发，以能力理论为基础，推动养老照护的家庭责任从单一主导模式转向多阶的基础协同模式。国家应支持并赋能家庭承担养老照护责任，从法律层面重塑家庭责任的地位、厘清家庭责任的边界、明确家庭责任的规范内容、构建多层次的养老照护支持体系，确保家庭养老照护的可及性与可持续性。
关键词 养老照护 长期护理 养老责任 家庭责任
Abstract: Influenced by the governance concept of family-state isomorphism and traditional Confucian culture, the family has always occupied a central position in the elderly care responsibility system. Its legal status has evolved from bearing absolute responsibility to the separation of family and state responsibilities, and then to shared responsibility with multiple actors. Within the legal framework, different legal adjustment of responsibilities shapes distinct models of family responsibility. From the perspective of respecting traditional culture and preserving family emotional bonds, and grounded in the capability approach, the family’s role in elderly care should transition from a singular dominant model to a multi-tier model of encompassing both foundational and collaborative responsibilities. The state should support and enable families to undertake elderly care responsibilities. At the legal level, it is essential to explicitly define the family’s status in the responsibility system, clarify the boundaries of its obligations, and reconstruct the content of its duties. This will establish an elderly care responsibility system with clearly defined rights and obligations, thereby enhancing the accessibility and sustainability of family-based elderly care.