作者：陈景辉
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授
出版日期：2026年6月9日
内容提要 人工智能甫一出现，即刻成为广受欢迎的司法辅助工具，但其原本无法承担辅助角色之外的任务。然而，生成式人工智能却可能突破辅助角色的限制，有机会成为像人类法官一样的司法主导者。这是因为，生成式人工智能已经可以像人类法官一样，理解法律的要求并生成决定，同时还具备一些人类法官所不具备的优势，于是就有了取代人类法官的可能。然而，由于司法是关于人类实践的事务，因而必须满足三种属人性的要求：人类给予人类的对待、法律给予人类的对待、个人给予人类的对待。生成式人工智能主导的司法裁判无法满足这三种属人性的要求，所以人工智能无法替代人类法官成为司法裁判的主导者，仍只能在其中扮演辅助性的角色。
关键词 人工智能 司法 司法裁判的属人性 法治 司法三段论
Abstract: Upon its emergence, Artificial Intelligence (AI) quickly became a popular judicial assistance tool, but it was originally unable to undertake tasks beyond its auxiliary role. However, Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) may break through the limitations of its auxiliary role and have the potential to become a judicial leader like a human judge. This is because GenAI can understand legal requirements and generate decisions in a manner similar to human judges, while also possessing certain advantages that human judges lack. Thus, there exists the possibility of GenAI replacing human beings as judges. Nevertheless, since justice pertains to human practices, it must fulfill three personality requirements: treatment by human upon humans, treatment by law upon humans, and treatment by individuals upon humans. Judicial decisions dominated by GenAI fail to meet these three requirements. Therefore, GenAI cannot replace human judges to become the dominant force in judicial decisions. Instead, it can only play a supporting role within the process.