作者：彭中礼
作者介绍：中南大学法学院教授，法学博士
出版日期：2017年12月9日
内容提要 案例指导制度是我国针对法治发展的现实需要而创新的一种法律制度。经验研究发现,指导性案例的采纳适用与案件类型、案由、指导性案例的提供主体、律师代理、提供指导性案例的方式、审理程序和法院级别等有显著相关性,但与判决书的制作年份等不存在相关性。从司法适用可以看出,指导性案例进入司法判决既缺乏必要的程序保障,也缺乏有效的法律方法支持。从运作的效果来看,案例指导制度尚未有效解决制度设计与法律理念、制度运行与适用方法之间的深刻鸿沟。实证研究和法理反思均表明,任何制度的设计,不仅需要有制度运作的程序安排,也需要有娴熟的法律方法训练,更需要有成熟的理念沉淀,才能真正实现制度创新的目标和价值。从未来发展的角度看,增强指导性案例的实效,需要从程序、方法和理念等层面着手,实现案例指导制度的中国化和本土化。
关键词 指导性案例 法律适用 法律方法
Abstract: China's guiding cases system is an institutional innovation for the realistic needs of developing the rule of law. An empirical research found that whether a guiding case would be referred to was considerably relevant to the type of case, the cause of action, providing agency and the manner of providing it, as well as to the lawyer's representation, adjudication procedure and the level of the court that handled it, except for the year in which the court decision was made. Looking into the use of the guiding cases in judicial domain, one can hardly find either adequate procedural guarantees or effective legal methods for the guiding cases to be applied in court decisions. The hardly satisfactory effect of the guiding cases system also suggests two gaps befalling it, the one is between the institutional design and its legal philosophy and the other is between institutional operation and its application methods. A conclusion inferred from a positive research and a jurisprudential reflection is that the goals and values of an institutional innovation not only call for procedural arrangements for institutional operation and excellent training of legal methods, but also need the accumulation of mature philosophy. In the future, the effectiveness of the guiding cases system can be strengthened through the Sinicization and localization of the system in terms of procedure, method and philosophy.