作者：冉克平
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2017年10月9日
内容提要 夫妻团体与个体行为的主要财产基础分属夫妻共同财产与个人财产。夫妻团体不同于"经济团体",《婚姻法》第41条规定的"夫妻共同生活",因具有伦理、情感与私密性的特征,在法技术上难以区分个人债务与夫妻团体债务;法释[2003]19号第24条的"利益共享"虽符合法定婚后所得共同制,但是仅具有形式正当性,引发了夫妻团体取代个人的经济自主与人格独立的实质非正当结果。在强调人格独立与意思自治的背景之下,立法上应该以"家庭利益"作为界分夫妻团体债务与个人债务的法技术标准,通过日常家事代理权、共同财产管理、合理证明责任以及债务清偿、补偿规则等制度的构造,达到既维系和增进夫妻团体关系,同时保护个人的独立人格与市场交易安全的社会目标。
关键词 夫妻团体 共同债务 夫妻财产制 家庭利益 个人主义
Abstract: The main property basis of couple group and personal behaviors is jointly possessed property and personal property. Different from "economic group", couple group, according to "husband and wife during the marriage" stipulated by the 41th article of Marriage Law, is characterized as ethical, sentimental and private, which makes it hard to distinguish between personal debts and couple group debts technically. Although the article of "share the benefits" in the 24th article of Judicial Interpretations of 2003 No. 19 fits the statutory "income after marriage is jointly possessed", it is only rightful in form. And it will result in couple group displacing economic and personality independence of husband and wife, which is in essence unfair. Under the background of emphasizing personality independence and party autonomy, legislation shall set "family interest" as the legally technical standard of distinguishing between couple group debts and personal debts and achieve the aim of maintaining and strengthening couple group relationship as well as protecting personal independence and the safety of market transactions by constructing a system covering everyday affair surrogate, joint property management, reasonably justified responsibility and debts settlement and compensation rules.