作者：窦海阳
作者介绍：中国社会科学院法学研究所副研究员，法学博士
出版日期：2017年8月9日
内容提要 目前关于环境侵权类型的认识难以适应实践的需求。这很大程度上源于环境侵权的类型化只注重理论演绎,而忽略了立基于实践,从司法判例中寻找素材。环境侵权的类型化应以法条和判决为基础,考察"侵害"和"权益"在具体案件中的表现,据此确定实证法中的类型。环境侵权的类型化不同于普通民事侵权,不仅要体现侵害行为的不同,更要体现公益与私益的差别。环境侵权案件应分为三类,即环境污染侵害个人私益的纠纷、环境污染或生态破坏侵害环境公益的纠纷、环境污染或生态破坏侵害个人私益与环境公益的纠纷。对不同类型案件的裁判应当根据各自的特性适用不同的处理规则。由于环境侵权案件类型的复杂性,环境司法应当专门化。
关键词 环境侵权 环境污染 生态破坏 环境司法
Abstract: At present, the types of environmental tort are chaotic and difficult to meet the practical needs. It is largely due to the categorization, focusing on theoretical deduction, while ignoring the reality and seeking material from judicial precedents. The types of environmental tort should be based on the laws and judgments, and examine the manifestation of the two norms of "infringement" and "rights and interests" in the specific cases, so as to confirm the types in the positive law. The types of environmental tort are different from common civil torts, which not only emphasize the difference of injurious acts but specially the distinction between public and private interests. Environmental tort cases should be divided into three categories, namely the infringement of private interests by environmental pollution, infringement of public interests by environmental pollution or ecological destruction, infringement of private and public interests by environmental pollution or ecological destruction. Judges of different types of cases should apply different rules according to their own characteristics. Due to the complexity of the types of environmental tort cases, environmental justice should be specialized.