作者：程洁
作者介绍：清华大学法学院副教授
出版日期：2017年8月9日
内容提要 在各种有关香港新宪制基础的认识中,分权论和授权论最具有代表性。分权论以地方自治理论和《中英联合声明》为基础,将中央和特别行政区的关系解释为对抗性的、彼此制约的关系。分权论的规范基础和理论原型脱离了基本法的预设,更多源于论者的主观想象,存在对基本法和特别行政区制度的误读。授权论以"一国两制"原则和基本法为基础,将中央和特别行政区关系理解为授权关系、委托-代理关系。授权论的提出不是为了压制特别行政区的高度自治,而是为了说明特别行政区制度的来源和基本属性。授权论对基本法和特别行政区制度的理解符合中国宪法和国家治理的一贯逻辑。香港作为中国的一级地方行政单位,其宪制秩序应为中国宪制秩序的组成部分。香港回归之后,新宪制秩序的基础只能是中国宪法和法律。
关键词 香港基本法 分权论 授权论 规范基础
Abstract: In various cognitions on the new constitutional basis of Hong Kong, the theory of separating powers and theory of authorizing powers are the most representative. On the basis of theory of local autonomy and the Sino British Joint Declaration, the theory of separating powers interprets the relation between the Central government and the Special Administrative Region as confrontational and restricted mutually. The theory of separating powers originates mostly from the image, and this theory misunderstands the Basic Law and the institution of special administrative region. On the basis of "One Country, Two Systems" and the Basic Law, the theory of authorizing powers interprets the relation between the Central government and the Special Administrative Region as authorized relation or entrust-agency relation. The emergence of theory of authorizing powers is to interpret the source of institution of special administrative region and fundamental features of special administrative region. The understanding of theory of authorizing powers on the institution of special administrative region conforms to Chinese Constitution and national governance. As the local administrative unit with the first level, the constitutional order of Hong Kong is an organic component of Chinese constitutional order. After the returning of Hong Kong, its constitutional basis can only be Chinese Constitution and laws.