作者：伏创宇
作者介绍：中国青年政治学院法学院讲师，法学博士
出版日期：2017年8月9日
内容提要 强制预防接种的国家补偿应当属于公法上的危险责任,既不同于国家赔偿法确立的以违法为前提的行政赔偿,也难以归入征收征用补偿与衡平补偿的范围。其以公平负担理念为基础,在具体构成上包括"欠缺目的性侵害"、"构成特别牺牲"与"公权力措施形成特定的危险状态"三要件。强制预防接种的国家补偿责任、民事侵权责任与国家赔偿责任具有各自的逻辑基础与构成要件,相互之间并非互相排斥的关系。从制度上考察,我国强制预防接种的国家补偿责任的构成要件、范围与标准都应当予以检讨并完善。
关键词 预防接种 危险责任 特别牺牲
Abstract: National compensation of mandatory vaccination belongs to dangerous liability of public law, which is different from administrative compensation on the premise of illegality and expropriation compensation. This kind of responsibility is based on the conception of fair burden and its components include "violation without purpose" "special sacrifice" and "specific dangerous state formed by public power". Either national compensation or civil tort liability of mandatory vaccination has its own logic basis and constitutive requirements, so they are not mutually repulsive. The constitutive requirements, scope and standard of national compensation of mandatory vaccination should all be reviewed and improved.