作者：栗峥
作者介绍：国家2011计划司法文明协同创新中心、中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院教授
出版日期：2017年4月9日
内容提要 证据是事实的理由,证据链是证据的理由或称理由的理由,它决定着司法证明的逻辑命脉。"完整的证据链"是证成事实的核心标准,其意义重大。就性质而言,证据链属于"非必要的但充分的条件中一个不充分但必要"的链条,具有"偶然中的必然"、"基于认知的证成"等属性。通过"有助益的支撑"的似真推理,可以搭建证据之间最大可能性的支持链接。建立证据链的功能在于:推进证据分类,实现分类证据的可视化;以"涌现"的方式代替因果逻辑;实现对威格莫尔图表法的突破与超越。基于证据链对司法证明展开的逻辑分析属结构主义路径,相比于证据的实质性意义,结构主义更注重证据的关系性意义,它认为只有在证据的相互解释与相互界定的结构之中,证明才有价值。在结构主义看来,真实是被结构生产出来的。
关键词 证据链 结构主义 真实
Abstract: Evidence is the reason of facts, and the evidence chain is the reason of evidence or the reason of reason, which decides the logics of judicial proof. "Complete evidence chain" is the core standard of proof, which is significant. In terms of nature, the evidence chain is "not sufficient but necessary in the condition of unnecessary and sufficiency" with attributes such as being inevitable in some occasional circumstances, and to prove based on cognition. With the plausible inference with "beneficial support", we can build the most possible links among evidences. The functions of evidence chain include: promoting the classification of evidences and make the classified evidences visible, replacing causal logics with the pattern of "emergence", and breakthrough and transeend Wigmore chart method. Since the logic analysis of judicial proof by the evidence chain belongs to structuralism analysis, comparing with the substantive evidence, the structuralism pays more attention to relations between evidences, and it believes that only in the structure of mutual interpretation and definition of evidence, the proof is valuable. From the perspective of structuralism, the truth is produced by the structure.