作者：杨立新
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院教授，中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心研究员
出版日期：2017年4月9日
内容提要 1985年制定的《继承法》,由于受到计划经济和普遍贫穷的历史局限,存在较多缺陷,不能适应当今我国市场经济下遗产流转的需要。在编纂民法典、将《继承法》修订为民法分则继承编时,应当抓住机遇,对我国现行继承制度进行全面改革。继承编入典应当坚持的指导思想:一是继承制度与社会经济发展状况相一致原则,二是继承制度繁简与社会实际需要相一致原则,三是继承制度与遗产流转规律相一致原则,四是继承法改革与婚姻家庭制度等民法制度改革相一致原则,五是肃清"左"的思想与坚持民族习惯相一致原则。基于这些指导思想,继承编的制定应该妥当设计篇章结构、具体安排规范内容,对继承的一般规则、法定继承、遗嘱继承和遗赠、遗赠扶养协议和继承协议、遗产的分割等制度全面作出具体规定,为自然人对其身后遗产的支配自由提供更好的法律保障。
关键词 民法典 继承编立法 指导思想 具体意见
Abstract: Due to the planned economy and historical limitation, the Law of Succession of 1985 has many defects, and this law no more meets the requirement of contemporary market economy. Therefore, at the time of compiling the Civil Code, the law of succession shall be complied into the Civil Code. The guiding ideology of compiling the law of succession include: (1) the principle that the succession system shall be consistent with the situation of social and economic development, (2) the principle that the succession system shall be consistent with actual requirement of our society, (3) the principle that the succession system shall be consistent with the rule of inheritance circulation, (4) the principle that the reform of law of succession shall be consistent with the reform of civil law system such as the system of marriage and family, and (5) the principle that elimination of the "leftism" shall be consistent with national customs. On the basis of these principles, the compilation of law of succession shall appropriately design the text structure, specifically arrange the contents of each chapter, make a comprehensively stipulation on general rules, statutory succession, testamentary succession and bequest, bequest legacy devise and inheritance agreement, etc., and provide further legal protection for nature person to dominate their own inheritance.