作者：王贵松
作者介绍：中国人民大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2017年2月9日
内容提要 立法机关与行政机关在立法上的权限分配是一个经典课题,不同的宪法体制可能有不同的解答。在行政机关缺乏民主正当性、且定位为立法机关的执行机关时,不宜承认其可以直接依据宪法制定法规范。法律的法规创造力原则主张,凡含有法规(法律事项)者,均由法律创造。随着立法机关地位的强化,法律事项的范围也在扩大,法规的界定亦随之扩张。从我国宪法而言,应将一般性规范作为判断法律事项的标准。国务院只能在宪法规定的职权范围内根据法律制定执行性的行政法规,或者在法律的专门授权时制定补充性、创制性行政法规。如此,方能在人大制度之下理顺法律与行政立法之间的关系,维护发端于人民主权的自上而下的法秩序。
关键词 行政法规 行政立法 民主正当性一般性规范
Abstract: How to allocate legislative power between legislature and administrative organ is a classic problem, and different constitutional systems may have different answers. If the administrative organ is not constituted by election, and is located in executing organ of the legislature, it should not be admitted to have the authority to directly specify the Constitution. The doctrine of the law's effect to create legal norms claims that all of legal norms should be created by law. With the strengthened legislature's position, the scope of law or legal norms is expanding. At the present stage, general norms should be regarded as the standard to define the law's cope. The State Council can enact executive administrative regulations within its authority in the Constitution, and can enact creative administrative regulations with law's authorization. Only in this way can clarify the relationship of laws and administrative legislation under the system of People's Congresses and maintain top down legal order initiated by popular sovereignty.