Liu Canhua
Establishing a digital gatekeeper system represents a cutting-edge global issue aimed at enhancing the legal framework for platform governance. The European Union’s Digital Markets Act has raised international discussions by introducing a systematic approach to the digital gatekeeper paradigm. China’s digital gatekeeper legislation embodies distinct Chinese characteristics, including the delineation of gatekeeper obligations across various scenarios, complex institutional objectives, a diverse array of gatekeeper obligations, and the promotion of platform self-governance. However, China’s approach faces several challenges, such as fragmented legal provisions, ambiguities in the definitions and scope of gatekeeper obligations, an overemphasis on substantive measures, and insufficiently specialized regulatory and punitive mechanisms. To comprehensively implement and enhance the digital gatekeeper system, it is essential to adopt a more systemic, procedural, and accountability-oriented approach. This involves achieving a systematic interpretation and coordinated application of rules from diverse legal sources, establishing a robust gatekeeper identification mechanism, and refining regulatory and punitive measures in accordance with the principle of proportionality. These eff orts are essential for advancing the modernization of platform governance systems and enhancing governance capabilities.
内容提要 构建数字守门人制度是完善平台治理法律体系的前沿议题。欧盟数字市场法创造的体系化数字守门人制度产生了世界性影响。中国数字守门人立法有着明显的中国特色，包括分场景规定数字守门人义务、制度目标复杂、守门人义务种类多元、倡导平台自我治理，但也存在法律规则碎片化、守门人义务内涵与外延不清晰、重实体轻程序以及专门性监管处罚措施不足等隐忧。全面实施和健全数字守门人制度，要加强体系思维、程序思维和责任思维，实现不同法律渊源规则的体系化解释和协调适用，建立健全守门人认定机制，完善符合比例原则的监管处罚措施，以推进平台治理体系和治理能力现代化。