Yu Rui
At the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the key reform task that ‘improvements will be made to the system for coordinating administrative and criminal penalties’ was designated, drawing significant attention from academics and practitioners to China’s reverse coordination mechanism between administrative enforcement and criminal justice. By examining the developmental trajectory and practical status of this system, it becomes evident that this unique reform initiative of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics, while showcasing its institutional advantages, also presents areas in urgent need of improvement, such as unclear theoretical foundations, incomplete frameworks, and limited operational effectiveness. Advancing the rule of law for the reverse coordination system between administrative enforcement and criminal justice requires a clear delineation of roles between procuratorial and administrative agencies, grounded in respecting the administrative agency’s initial judgment authority. The reform should follow an orderly approach, embracing the model of ‘front-end collaboration and back-end supervision’ and adhering to ‘always establishing new systems before abolishing old ones while attaching equal importance to efforts in both respects’. By specifically addressing the prominent issues in the practice of reverse coordination, the ultimate goal is to achieve lawful and efficient bidirectional coordination between administrative penalties and criminal penalties, as well as seamless coordination between administrative enforcement and criminal justice.
内容提要 党的二十届三中全会明确提出“完善行政处罚和刑事处罚双向衔接制度”重大改革任务安排，引发了理论界与实务界对我国行刑反向衔接制度的高度关注。通过检视该项制度的发展脉络及其实践状况可以发现，这项极具中国特色的法治工程在呈现其制度优势同时，也存在理论基础模糊、制度尚待补全和操作性不强等亟待完善的空间。行刑反向衔接的法治化完善路径，应在尊重行政机关首次判断权基础上，厘清检察机关与行政机关的职能分工，进而按照“前端协作+后端监督”的改革模式，遵循“破立并举、先立后破”的改革思路来有序推进。通过针对性解决行刑反向衔接实践中核心问题，最终促成行政处罚与刑事处罚、行政执法与刑事司法之间的依法高效双向衔接。