作者：张旭东
作者介绍：福州大学法学院教授
出版日期：2018年10月9日
内容提要 我国现行环境民事诉讼基于侵害对象的差异性及公私益诉讼分野原理,在立法上分为环境(私益)侵权诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼。面对同一环境侵害,环境民事公私益诉讼分离式救济,在造成环境纠纷整体性肢解的同时,往往会诱发同一问题多次审理、诉讼效率低下、共同争点裁判歧异、公私益相互遮蔽等司法困境。人与自然和谐共生的生态观为新时代环境法治建设确立了新的目标。规范不自外於现实。环境纠纷的整体性及环境侵害发生二阶段机理,映射于诉讼程序,要求通过诉的合并,实现环境民事公私益诉讼融合,审理程序采用"前阶共同(基础)事实+后阶各损害事实"二阶事实法律关系构造模型,打破环境公私益诉讼保护泾渭分明的格局,实现相关纠纷一次性解决。环境民事公私益诉讼合并审理理论分析和具体方案建构,为进一步研究和制定专门的环境诉讼特别程序奠定了基础。
关键词 环境侵害 公益诉讼 私益诉讼 合并审理
Abstract: The current environmental civil litigation in our country is classified into environmental ( private interest) infringement litigation and environmental civil public interest litigation based on the principle of difference of infringing object and the distinction between private interest litigation and public interest litigation. This mode of litigation has caused the dismemberment of the integrity of environmental disputes and at the same time has induced many judicial issues, such as multiple trials of the same issue, litigation inefficiencies, differences of judgment in common disputed points, public interest and private interest are mutually obscured, and so on. The ecological view of harmonious symbiosis between man and nature sets a new goal for the construction of environmental law in the new era. The norm comes from the reality. The integrity of environmental disputes and the two-stage theory of environmental infringement mapping to environmental civil procedure are to realize the amalgamation of environmental civil public and private interest litigation by the combination of lawsuit. Adopting the procedural model of the second-order facts of legal relationship of "the former common ground (basic) facts and the second-order individual damage facts", most , most relevant disputes are settled on the same platform at one time to break the public-private protection barrier. The study of environmental civil public-private litigation joint trials will undoubtedly lay the foundation for further research and formulation of special environmental litigation procedures.