作者：张泽涛
作者介绍：广州大学法学院教授、 博士生导师
出版日期：2018年10月9日
内容提要 公安机关将行政违法行为作为刑事案件予以立案,会导致大量行政违法行为被犯罪化处理、虚置《赔偿法》规定、剥夺行政相对人提起行政诉讼的权利、致使公安机关违规侵犯非公企业的合法财产权,也会滋生个别公安人员的司法腐败。公安机关将行政违法行为犯罪化处理的程序成因是:行政违法与刑事犯罪二元一体的追究机制赋予了公安机关程序选择的主体地位、行政违法行为与刑事犯罪之间的划分标准提供了适用前提、刑事立案标准为公安人员选择适用刑事诉讼程序提供了较大的裁量空间、司法解释中赋予了公安机关在行政执法与刑事诉讼之间较为宽松的程序转换权。应该规范公安机关的刑事立案程序,强化检察机关对公安机关的立案监督机制;联通公安机关和检察机关的案件应用平台系统;将一些行政违法行为入罪化,适当借鉴其他国家和地区"大刑法、小行政法"的立法模式;确立区分公安机关行政执法行为与刑事侦查行为的识别标准;修改《赔偿法》第19条第3款和《行政诉讼法》第12条规定。
关键词 行政违法 刑事化 程序成因 程序控制
Abstract: The public security organs take the administrative illegal action as a criminal one, which will cause the criminalization of a large number of administrative illegal actions, overhead regulations of the State Compensation Law, deprive the private party in administrative actions of the right to file an administrative lawsuit, cause public security organs to violate the legitimate property rights of non-public enterprises, and also cause judicial corruption of individual public security personnel. The procedural reasons for the public security organs to criminalize the administrative illegal actions are as follows: the mechanism of punishing the administrative illegal actions and criminal offenses by the public security organ endowed the public security organs with the main position of the procedure selection, the criterion of the division between the administrative illegal actions and the criminal offences provides the precondition for the application, the standard for filing a criminal case makes the public security organ have discretion power in choosing criminal proceedings. Judicial interpretations endow the public security organs the power to shift the proceedings between administrative law enforcement and criminal procedure. It is necessary to standardize the criminal procedure of the public security organs and strengthen the supervision mechanism of the procuratorial organs on the public security organs; case application platform systems between the public security organs and the procuratorial organs should be connected; the identification standard of distinguishing the administrative law enforcement behavior of public security organs and criminal investigation behavior should be established; paragraph 3 of article 19 of the Compensation Law and article 12 of the Administrative Procedure Law should be modified.