作者：蒋银华
作者介绍：广州大学法学院教授，硕士生导师
出版日期：2018年10月9日
内容提要 发展权附随性、综合性、不确定性的典型特征,不但是其法律救济功能发挥的瓶颈,也是法律保障的主要理论障碍。然而,上述特征本质上并不必然导致司法对发展权的排斥。以经济、社会和文化权利的司法化原理和经验为依托,发展权的法律救济不仅具有合理性,更具有可能性。鉴于发展权的基本特性以及现实需求,附带性审查模式、合宪性审查模式和非诉讼的申诉模式均存在可行性不强、制度成本过高等流弊。为此,我国应当建构一体化救济路径,即通过现有权利实施机制对发展权利进行整合性法律救济,并在此基础上进一步建构实体性和程序性制度。前者根据发展权同其他权利的关系形态,以平等为基本原则和切入点,将发展权的内容划分为四个层级;后者从救济权利主体、救济义务主体和救济方式三方面厘清救济过程中涉及的技术性事项。
关键词 发展权 法律救济 一体化救济 国家义务
Abstract: The typical characteristics of the dependence, comprehensiveness and uncertainty of the right to development are not only the bottleneck of its legal relief function, but also the main theoretical obstacles of the legal protection; however, the above characteristics do not necessarily lead to the exclusion of legal protection of the right to development by judiciary. Based on the principle and experiences of judicialization of social, economic and cultural rights, legal remedies of the right to development are not only reasonable but also possible. In view of the basic characteristics of the right to development and the practical needs, incidental review, judicial review through ligation and appeal model with non-lawsuit all have the weak points of lack of practicability and high costs. It is necessary to construct an integrated remedy system, i.e., making use of the existing rights implementation mechanism to set up an integrated comprehensive remedy system for the right to development and furthermore, to build substantive and procedural systems respectively. The former emphasizes the forms of relation of development right and other rights, and categorizes them into four levels by the contents on the view of the principle of equality; while the latter clarifies the technical issues in the process of relief from the three aspects of the subject of the right, the subject of obligation and the way of relief.