作者：张晋藩
作者介绍：中国政法大学终身教授，博士生导师
出版日期：2018年4月9日
内容提要 习近平同志在十九大报告中再次提出"坚持以德治国和依法治国相结合"的论断,本文从中国法制历史的实际出发,结合儒、法两家关于德治与法治的学说,介绍了以德化民的历史功用;同时,阐述了管仲"以法治国"的提出和法家法治学说的发展历程,指出法治工具论的价值取向及其局限性。本文还着重介绍德法互补、共治的发展进程,以周初"明德慎罚"为德法共治的发端,以两汉"德主刑辅"为德法共治的发展阶段,以唐代"德礼为政教之本、刑罚为政教之用"为德法共治的定型阶段,借以说明德法共治的阶段性和一贯性,进而论证德法互补、共治是历史发展必然性的规律,从而为建设社会主义的法治强国提供借鉴。
关键词 德治 法治 以德化民 以法治国 德法共治
Abstract: In the report of the 19th CPC National Congress, Comrade Xi Jinping put forward "adhering to governing the country by the combination of the rule of virtue and the rule of law" again. From the reality of Chinese legal history, combining the doctrines of the rule of virtue and the rule of law in Confucianism and Legalism, this paper introduces the historical function of influencing the people with virtue, elaborates the "rule by law" put forward by Guan Zhong and the development course of legalist rule of law doctrine, points out the value orientation of legal instrumentalism and its limitation. This article also focuses on the complement and common governance development of virtue and law. It is divided into three stages, the original stage is the "highlighting virtue, being cautious on punishment" put forward in the early Zhou Dynasty, the development stage is the "rule of virtue with its priority to penalty" put forward in the Han Dynasty, the shaping stage is "virtue is the basis of politics, penalty is the embodiment of politics" in the Tang Dynasty. It illustrates the stage and consistency of the common governance of virtue and law, and demonstrates that common governance of virtue and law is the inevitable rule of historical development. This paper provides a reference for building a socialist country under the rule of law.