作者：吕忠梅课题组
作者介绍：吕忠梅( 清华大学法学院教授) 、竺效( 中国人民大学法学院教授) 、巩固( 浙江大学光华法学院教授) 、刘长兴( 华南理工大学法学院副教授) 、刘超( 华侨大学法学院教授)
出版日期：2018年2月9日
内容提要 民法基本原则是民法回应环境问题的有效机制。《民法总则》第9条属于限制性原则,具有在民法中确立绿色发展、生态安全、生态伦理价值理念,协调发展与环保、交易安全与生态安全、代内公平与代际公平之关系的功能,应贯彻到民法典各分则立法中。为此,民法典物权编应确立物权行使的环保原则,对相邻关系和地役权进行绿色改造,增加添附条款,创设资源利用权,明确生态环境的公共财产地位;合同编应将合同法一般规则绿色化,把环保相关交易行为纳入有名合同,实现其类型化;侵权责任编应厘清环境侵权的原因行为并进行类型化,层次性地扩大环境侵权的救济范围,增加与环境公益诉讼制度和生态损害赔偿制度的衔接机制。
关键词 民法典 绿色原则 民法分则 民法基本原则
Abstract: Abstract: Basic principle of the Civil Code is the effective mechanism for the Civil Code to respond to the environmental issue. Article 9 of the General Principle of Civil Code belongs to the restrictive principle, which has the function of establishing the ideas of green development, ecology security and ecology ethics, and coordinate relations of development and environmental protection, trade security and ecology security, and intra-generational equity and inter-generational equity, and it should be implemented to the legislation of each specific provision in the Civil Code. Therefore, the compilation of property rights in the Civil Code should establish the environmental protection principle of property right performance, give green transformation to neighborhood relation and easement, add accretion articles, create resource utilization right, define the public property status of ecological environment; the compilation of contract should make general rules of the Contract Law green, and incorporate transactions related to environmental protection into named contracts and realize its categorization; the compilation of tort liability should clarify the cause act of environmental tort and categorize it, hierarchically expand the relief scope of environmental tort, increase the connection mechanism with environmental public interest litigation system and ecological damage compensation system.