作者：张立平
作者介绍：湘潭大学法学院、知识产权学院教授,博士研究生
出版日期：2014年2月9日
内容提要 西方国家的非法证据排除规则, 以偏重形式正义的法律文化传统为基础, 以二元法庭结构为其有效实行的制度条件, 主要针对刑事诉讼中的人权保障, 在民事诉讼中无足为重。我国法律文化传统偏重实质正义, 审判程序实行一元法庭结构, 且当事人举证属于非公权性行为, 对其违法取证行为的制裁具有可替代性, 在民事诉讼中设置该规则既缺乏诉讼的内在需求, 亦缺乏有效施行的法律文化基础和制度条件, 还势必增添程序上的繁琐, 造成实体正义的不必要损害。对于民事诉讼中的非法证据, 不若由法官依自由心证原则合理取舍为宜。
关键词 民事诉讼 非法证据 排除规则 法律文化 制度条件
Abstract: The exclusive rule of illegal evidence in western countries is based on the traditional legal culture laying particular stress on the formal justice. It sets dual court structure as the system condition of its effective implementation, mainly aims at the protection of human rights in Criminal Procedure, and being a little in civil procedure. However, the traditional legal culture in China emphasizes on substantive justice, the trial procedure executes unified court structure, and the proof of evidence by parties is not a public power behavior. The sanctions of illegal evidence collection behavior can be replaced against them. Setting this rule in the civil litigation lacks not only internal demand, but also legal culture foundation and system condition of effective enforcement. This is bound to bring tedious program and causing unnecessary damage to entity justice, so the civil litigation illegal evidence shall be presented by the judge in accordance with the free evaluation of the evidence reasonably.