作者:胡玉鸿
作者介绍:苏州大学王健法学院教授,博士生导师
出版日期:2014年10月9日
内容提要 “失败者正义”原则是在“选择的多样性”及“失败的可能性”的前提之下, 通过为弱者提供一种重新出发的“第二次机会”,使其能恢复到社会上正常人的能力与地 位的法律制度安排。从弱者权益保护的角度而言,失败者正义提供了“潜在弱者”对于正 义的一般期望,织造了“可能弱者”的安全网络,刺激了“现实弱者”的重新选择。对于“失 败者正义”原则以及“第二次机会”必须进行基本的法律规制。从适用对象来说,该原则仅 适用于依法作出选择但最终没有成功的社会人士; 从适用条件而言,必须强调国家救助与 个人责任的结合; 从适用手段来说,是要提供基本的可行能力保障。对于当代中国来说,既 需要借助“失败者正义”原则建构“第二次机会”的施行条件,同时还需要在“第一次机会” 的补足上再行努力。
关键词 弱者保护 失败者正义 第二次机会
Abstract: The principle of “loser’s justice”is an institutional arrangement of law that aims to recover the loser’s capability and position through the supplement of a “secondary opportunity”which makes loser start again. From the perspective of the loser’s protection, loser’s justice provides a general expectation of justice for “potential loser”,weaves a security fabric for“possible loser”,activates a re-selection for“actual loser”. The principle of“loser’s justice”and “secondary opportunity”must be regulated by law. Its applicable object only contains people who make their choices through law but do not get ahead,its applicable condition must lay stress on combination of the state aid and individual responsibility,and its applicable mean lies in the supplement of the fundamental capabilities. In contemporary China,we must not only construct the executive conditions of the“secondary opportunity”by dint of the principle of loser’s justice,but also make further efforts in the complementation of“primary opportunity”.