作者：陈正云
作者介绍：最高人民检察院职务犯罪预防厅副厅长，法学博士
出版日期：2014年10月9日
内容提要 非罪加害行为是指进入刑事诉讼程序因特定缘由法院没有判决认定有罪 并追究刑事责任的非法侵权行为，包括实体非罪、证据非罪、程序非罪三种类型。刑事司法 性与民事违法性是其典型特征。在司法实践中，非罪加害行为在事实认定与责任追究上存 在以刑否民、程序缺失、模式单一等问题，非罪加害情形中的被害人权利保护与救济问题常 常被忽视。为解决这一问题，理念上要重视被害人的权利保障，注意刑民差别，对“先刑后 民”的传统司法模式进行反思和重构; 在制度层面，要建构保障被害人诉讼权利的程序制 度，包括民事诉权告知机制、权利救济建议机制、证据效力、事实认定复核机制等，建构保障 被害人实体权利的程序制度，包括直接决定赔偿机制、涉案财产追缴保全机制和推进既判 力制度，深化刑事被害人救助制度。
关键词 非罪加害行为 权利救济 权利保障建构
Abstract: Non-crime tortious action means that tortious action which is not sentenced to be guilty and give criminal sanctions for some specific reasons by court，including three categories，entity non-crime，evidence non-crime and procedure non-crime． Its typical characteristics are criminal judicature and civil illegality． In juridical practice，non-crime tortious action in fact finding and responsibility investigation has the following problems， denying civil through criminal，procedure lack，single mode and so on． Victim’s rights protection and relief in non-crime tortious action are always being ignored． In order to solve the problem，we should pay attention to victim’s rights guarantee，the differences between criminal and civil，and rethinking and reconstructing the traditional judicial mode of “criminal prior to civil”． In institutional aspect，we need to construct procedure to protect victim’s litigious rights，including civil just claim mechanism，right relief advice mechanism， evidentiary effect，fact finding reexamine mechanism et al，and construct procedure to protect victim’s substantive rights，including directly deciding compensation mechanism，press for payment afterwards and preservation mechanism of relative property，promoting res judicata mechanism，and deepening criminal victim relief system．