作者：杨登峰
作者介绍：东南大学法学院教授
出版日期：2026年4月9日
内容提要 我国行政法学界长期将职权法定与法律保留作为行政法的两个基本原则，并主张将它们一并写入行政基本法典，但对它们内涵的表述存在相似与混淆之处。在推进行政基本法典制定和中国自主法学知识体系构建的背景下，厘清二者的关系，并判断是否要在两者之间作出取舍，成为亟待研究的基础理论问题。法律保留原则二次引入我国之后，有宪法意义和行政法意义双重理解，仅后者与职权法定原则有所相似。从法定事项、法的种类、规范程度以及实践效能来看，职权法定原则包容并发展了法律保留原则，更契合我国宪法和立法法规定的立法体制，与行政诉讼合法性审查标准相一致，且在最高人民法院行政审判实践中也展现出更强的解释力。因此，从法学与法律语言统一以及中国特色的法学话语体系的建构考虑，我国行政法学应在承继、整合行政法意义上法律保留原则的基础上，统一适用职权法定原则。
关键词 职权法定原则 法律保留原则 法定事项 法的种类 规范程度
Abstract: For an extended period, China’s administrative law scholars have recognized the principle of power prescribed by law and the principle of legal reservation as two fundamental tenets of administrative law, advocating for their joint inclusion in the basic administrative code. However, the expressions of the connotations of these principles exhibit similarities and are prone to confusion. Against the background of advancing the compilation of the basic administrative code and the development of China’s independent knowledge system of legal science, clarifying the relationship between these two principles and judging whether to make a judicious choice between them has become an urgent fundamental theoretical issue. Following its reintroduction into China, the principle of legal reservation has been understood to possess both constitutional and administrative law significance, with only the latter bearing resemblance to the principle of power prescribed by law. Examined from the perspectives of prescribed matters, types of laws, degree of normative regulation, and practical effectiveness, the principle of power prescribed by law encompasses and develops the principle of legal reservation. It aligns more appropriately with the legislative framework established by China’s Constitution and Legislation Law, corresponds to the standards of legality review in administrative litigation, and demonstrates superior explanatory power in the administrative adjudication practice of the Supreme People’s Court. Therefore, in the interest of unifying legal science and legal language, as well as constructing a jurisprudential discourse system with Chinese characteristics, China’s administrative law should uniformly apply the principle of power prescribed by law based on inheriting and integrating the principle of legal reservation in its administrative law sense.