作者：向燕
作者介绍：北京理工大学法学院教授
出版日期：2026年4月9日
内容提要 随着我国轻罪案件的增长，裁量不起诉因兼具提高诉讼效率与实现个案正义的特点，在司法实务中出现了明显的扩张适用趋势。然而，不起诉裁量权运用不均衡、诉与不诉界限不清、不起诉种类适用混乱等问题也日渐凸显。确立裁量不起诉的实体规制对规范我国检察机关不起诉裁量权的行使、避免裁量权滥用具有重要意义。为防止检察权的过度扩张造成对立法权和审判权的逾越，应当以比例原则作为规制裁量不起诉的核心原则，进而对裁量不起诉的案件范围与不起诉的适用种类作出限定。以比例原则为指导，可以进一步明确裁量不起诉的三阶段审查标准，依次根据应罚性标准、公共利益标准、适宜性标准对案件进行审查，从而决定是否起诉以及作出何种不起诉决定。
关键词 裁量不起诉 酌定不起诉 附条件不起诉 比例原则 罪刑均衡
Abstract: With the increase in minor offense cases in China, discretionary non-prosecution has shown a clear trend of expanded application in judicial practice, owing to its characteristics of improving litigation efficiency and realizing individual case justice. However, issues such as uneven application of non-prosecutorial discretion, blurred boundaries between prosecution and non-prosecution, and inconsistent use of different types of non-prosecution have become increasingly prominent. Establishing substantive regulations for discretionary non-prosecution is of great significance in regulating the exercise of non-prosecutorial discretion by the people’s procuratorates and avoiding the abuse of such discretion. To prevent the excessive expansion of prosecutorial power from encroaching upon legislative and judicial authorities, the principle of proportionality should be applied as the core principle to regulate discretionary non-prosecution. This necessitates defining the scope of cases eligible for discretionary non-prosecution and establishing limits for applying discretionary non-prosecution. Guided by the principle of proportionality, a three-stage review standard for discretionary non-prosecution can be formalized. Cases shall be sequentially assessed by prosecutors based on the deserved punishment standard, public interest standard, and appropriateness standard to decide whether or not to prosecute and the type of non-prosecution.