作者：郑智航
作者介绍：山东大学法学院教授
出版日期：2026年4月9日
内容提要 数字法律预防是在网络空间、数据应用、人工智能系统等数字环境中，运用系统性、前瞻性的数字技术手段预先识别、评估、规避潜在法律风险，从而减少违法行为发生、防范权益侵害的综合性预防机制。数字法律预防具有鲜明的架构化特点。数据驱动是数字法律预防的认识论基础，抽象风险下的法秩序和公共安全是数字法律预防的主要保护客体，行为阻断是数字法律预防的主要效果机制，“全息统御”是数字法律预防的时序位置，人机协同是数字法律预防执行机制的鲜明特征。数字法律预防整体上契合现代法律价值，但受数字法律预防底层结构的影响，不可避免地与现代法律追求的部分价值存在一定的张力或冲突。沿着“法律目的—法律关系—预防行为—技术规制”这一脉络构建数字法律预防制度，对于减轻或化解数字法律预防与现代法律价值之间的张力或冲突具有重要意义。
关键词 数字法律预防 预防型法治 风险预防 数字技术 法律价值
Abstract: Digital legal prevention refers to a comprehensive preventive mechanism that operates within digital environments, such as cyberspace, data-driven applications, and artificial intelligence systems, by employing systematic and forward-looking digital technologies to identify, assess, and avert potential legal risks in advance, thereby reducing the occurrence of unlawful conduct and preventing infringements of rights and interests. Digital legal prevention is characterized by a strong degree of structuralization. Data-driven approaches are the epistemological foundation of digital legal prevention. Legal order and public safety under abstract risks constitute the primary objects of protection for digital legal prevention. Behavioral blocking is the main effective mechanism of digital legal prevention. ‘Holographic governance’ represents the temporal position of digital legal prevention, while human-machine collaboration is the defining characteristic of its implementation mechanism. Digital legal prevention is consistent with modern legal values. However, due to its underlying structural foundations, digital legal prevention inevitably gives rise to a certain degree of tension or conflict with partial values pursued by modern legal systems. Constructing a system of digital legal prevention along the analytical trajectory of ‘legal purposes–legal relationships–preventive measures–technological regulation’ is of significant importance for alleviating or resolving the tensions or conflicts between digital legal prevention and the fundamental values of modern law.