作者：董 坤
作者介绍：最高人民检察院检察理论研究所副研究员，法学博士
出版日期：2014年12月9日
内容提要 检察环节刑事错案的发生是多重因素共同作用的结果。就外部环境而言， 权力格局中的检察权会受到地方行政权的干涉，在诉讼结构中检察机关则受制于“检警配 合”的过度影响，检察权的独立性最终丧失。就内部环境而言，“超检察一体”与不合理的 绩效考核导致检察体系内部行政化色彩浓厚，检察办案过多因循长官意志。加之检察主体 的诉讼角色定位不准确、消极的办案心理等个体原因的交织叠加，一些错案的产生难以避 免。应借鉴域外的有益经验，通过新一轮的司法改革，推动省以下检察院人财物统一管理、 办案责任制改革实现检察权依法独立公正行使，同时改良绩效考核，强化检察官客观义务 等来共同遏制检察环节刑事错案的发生、发展。
关键词 刑事错案 错案成因 检察权
Abstract: Miscarriages of justice are considered as a result of multiple intertwined factors． In terms of the external environment， the procuratorial authority is lack of independence in the face of administrative interference， and unduly influenced by “coordination other than constraints”． In terms of the internal environment，both “super procuratorial integrity”and unreasonable internal performance evaluation mechanism also lead to the fact that the procurators have to follow leaders’determination in many cases． In addition to these，procurators’confused role during criminal process and their own factors such as negative working attitude contribute to the existence of miscarriages of justice as well． Actually，these negative factors mentioned earlier could be overcome through the upcoming judicial reform． Drawing on foreign experience，miscarriages of justice could be avoided after taking reform measures as following: promoting the unified management of human，financial and material resources at sub-provincial procuratorates; reforming procurators’responsibility system of dealing with cases to enhance the independence of prosecutorial power; improving the internal professional performance evaluation system; strengthening objective obligation of prosecutors．