作者：于柏华
作者介绍：浙江工商大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2022年12月9日
内容提要 各类主体都会面临在价值冲突情境中如何合理行动这一问题。主体只有无偏倚地对待其追求的价值与被其损害的价值，使其行动体现“价值平衡”，相应行动才可能具有合理性。比例原则作为基于价值平衡的规范性要求，因此可被用于规范各类主体在价值冲突情境中的行动。在不同价值冲突情境中，比例原则有两种规范形态。一种是包含适当性、必要性与平衡性的三要素形态，另一种是仅包含平衡性的一要素形态。在私法中适用比例原则规范私主体行动时，需区分私主体行动引发的价值冲突类型，针对不同情况分别适用三要素比例原则或一要素比例原则。
关键词 比例原则 价值平衡 三要素比例原则 一要素比例原则 私法
Abstract: All kinds of subjects will face the problem of how to act reasonably in the situation of value conflicts. Only when the subjects treat the value they pursue and the value damaged by them impartially, and make their actions reflect ‘value balance’, can the subjects’ actions be reasonable. As a normative requirement based on value balance, the principle of proportionality (PP) can be used to regulate the actions of various subjects in the context of value conflicts. In different situations of value conflicts, PP manifests itself in two different normative forms, one is the three-element PP, and the other is one-element PP. When applying PP in private law, it is necessary to distinguish the types of value conflicts, and apply the three-element PP or the one-element PP according to different situations.