作者：杜宇
作者介绍：复旦大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年10月9日
内容提要 在当下的中国刑事立法上，存在着一系列具有程序性特征的实体构成要素，可称之为“程序性犯罪构成要素”。其与诉讼条件、行政前置性条件等既存范畴之间存在一定区别，具有独立的概念化空间。此种要素绝非仅具证明指示功能的程序性要素，而是在犯罪成立体系中具有实体裁判机能的要素。立足于阶层论的体系背景，此种要素既参与构成要件行为的定型化塑造，又具有明显的行为指引与呼吁功能，同时事关法益侵害的规范评价，且需要行为人一定程度的认知。因此，它与不法具有直接的关联性，是客观不法的内在构成要素，不能将其归入客观处罚条件之中；而如立基于四要件的犯罪构成体系，此种要素则应被归入客观方面要件中加以整饬。与此种要素的性质定位紧密相关，在既遂、共犯认定等犯罪形态领域，应进行贯穿性思考，同时妥善协调其与责任主义之间可能的紧张关系。
关键词 程序性犯罪构成要素 客观处罚条件 客观构成要件要素
Abstract: In the current Chinese criminal legislation, there exist a series of substantive elements with procedural characteristics, which are called 'procedural constituent elements of a crime ’. They are different from the existing categories such as litigation conditions and administrative prepositive conditions. The element is not merely a procedural element with the function of proof and instruction, but an element with substantive judgment function in the crime establishment system. Based on the system background of stratification theory, such elements not only participate in the shaping of the act in constituent elements, but also have obvious behavioral guidance and appeal functions. At the same time, they are related to the standard evaluation of legal interest infringement and require a certain degree of cognition of the actor. Therefore, it is directly related to lawlessness and is an inherent component of objective lawlessness, which cannot be included in the objective punishment conditions; however, if it is based on a crime constituent system of four elements, the element should be included in the objective element. In the field of criminal forms such as completion and accomplice identification, we should think throughout and properly coordinate the possible tension between it and the principle of responsibility.