作者：商浩文
作者介绍：北京师范大学法学院暨刑事法律科学研究院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2022年10月9日
内容提要 我国在境外追赃中确立犯罪资产分享制度，不仅具有现实必要性，而且还具备充分的理论基础和明确的法律依据。从域外法治来看，犯罪资产分享的模式包括固定协议模式和个案协定模式；被没收的犯罪资产优先返还被害人或合法所有人，资产分享前需扣除合理费用；主要依据协助国的贡献大小确定分享的比例，并综合考量犯罪性质、请求国受损害大小等因素。犯罪资产分享已成为国际境外追赃的惯常做法，呈现出较为明显的国际合作性与激励性特点。基于涉外法治的实践，我国可考虑以个案合作的成功案例为基础，逐步将资产分享的经验固定于双边协议中；应当注意根据案件的不同性质，采取不同的分享策略，确定合理的资产分享份额标准；明确资产分享的对外联系机关和主管机关；建立完善的犯罪资产分享的提出、审查决定、执行的程序机制。
关键词 涉外法治 境外追赃 资产分享 个案协定
Abstract: The establishment of asset sharing system in overseas stolen goods recovery in China not only has its practical necessity, but also has sufficient theoretical basis and clear legal basis. The pattern of extraterritorial assets sharing includes the fixed agreements and the provisionally individual case. The confiscated criminal assets shall be preferentially returned to the victims or legal owners, and reasonable expenses shall be deducted before asset sharing. The shareable assets are mainly based on the degree of the contribution in criminal justice cooperation, at the same time, the factors such as the nature of the crime and the degree of damage should be considered. The system of assets sharing has become a common practice in the international community and shows obvious characteristics of international cooperation and incentive. Based on the successful cases, we can gradually fix the experience of asset sharing in bilateral agreements. It should be noted that according to the nature of the case, different sharing strategies should be adopted to determine the reasonable standard of asset sharing proportion; clarify the foreign affairs liaison authority and competent authority of asset sharing; establish a procedural mechanism for the proposal, review, decision and implementation of criminal asset sharing.