作者：王道发
作者介绍：中央财经大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2022年10月9日
内容提要 个人信息处理者承担过错推定责任的实质基础在于处理行为引起的作为义务，而不仅仅是为了强化保护个人信息权益。《个人信息保护法》中的过错推定责任与《民法典》侵权责任编没有体系衔接冲突问题，但与人格权编所确立的“隐私权”和“个人信息”并行体例存在张力关系。处理私密信息造成损害的，应承担过错推定责任，而不适用有关隐私权规定。处理者的过错推定责任不是一种普遍性责任，其适用范围具有限定性，适用要件也有特殊性。此过错推定责任救济的是侵害人格权益的财产损失，不包括精神损害，其过错判断主要限于违反法定义务的违法行为及比例原则下的实质违法行为，其因果关系要件的特殊性则在于采取“高度盖然性”证明标准，而非实行举证责任倒置。
关键词 个人信息保护法 民法典 个人信息处理者 过错推定责任
Abstract: The essential basis of a personal information processor’s liability for the presumption of fault is the act obligation caused by processing behavior, not just to strengthen the protection of personal information rights and interests. There is no systematic connection and conflict between the liability for the presumption of fault in the Personal Information Protection Law and the Tort Liability Part of the Civil Code, but there is a tension with the parallel style of ‘privacy’and 6personal information’established in the Personality Rights Part. If the handling of private information causes damage, one shall bear the liability for the presumption of fault, and the relevant provisions on the right to privacy shall not be applied. The fault presumption liability of the handler is not a universal liability, its scope of application is limited, and the applicable elements are also special. The remedy of this fault presumption liability is the property loss that infringes upon the rights and interests of personality, excluding mental damage. Its fault judgment mainly refers to the illegal acts limited to the violation of legal obligations and the substantive illegal acts under the principle of proportion. The particularity of the elements of causality lies in the adoption of the standard of proof of 'high probability’，rather than the inversion of the burden of proof.