作者：董涛
作者介绍：北京第二外国语学院法学院教授
出版日期：2022年10月9日
内容提要 中国知识产权行政执法为知识产权提供一种类似于“治安行政权”的保护，四十年来，为健全知识产权治理体系、强化知识产权保护作出了巨大贡献。知识产权行政执法与司法保护并行运作的模式被称为独具中国特色的知识产权保护“双轨制”，但这一模式在实践中还面临着正当性依据争论依然激烈、执法效能未能充分发挥及如何针对新领域、新业态进行适应性调整三方面的问题与挑战。党的十九大提出要“推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合”，知识产权行政执法契合国家治理现代化改革的大方向，是确保知识产权领域中“私法自治”原则实现的重要保障。为进一步优化与完善知识产权行政执法，要准确界定知识产权行政执法与司法保护的关系，完善知识产权行政执法相关法律法规，破解知识产权行政执法体制机制障碍。在数字化时代，要从技术层面与制度层面提升知识产权数字行政执法能力，以应对网络技术、数据技术等新业态、新模式对知识产权行政执法提出的挑战。
关键词 知识产权 知识产权治理 行政执法 双轨制 司法保护
Abstract: China’s administrative law enforcement of intellectual property provides the intellectual property with the protection similar to ' administrative power for public security ’，an d contributes to the improvement of the intellectual property governance system and intellectual property protection greatly over the past forty years. The parallel operation mode of administrative law enforcement and judicial protection of intellectual property can be called a two-track system of intellectual property protection with Chinese characteristics. But nowadays, this two-track system is still facing a few theoretical and practical challenges and obstacles, which mainly concentrated on three perspectives, the heated debates about its justifiability, the failure to bring its effectiveness into full play, and how to make adaptation to the new fields and new technology environment. The 19th National Congress of the CPC raised the goal of a better combination of an efficient market and a positive government. Administrative law enforcement of intellectual property is in line with the general direction of the reform of state governance modernization, and is an important guarantee to make sure the realization of autonomy of private law in the field of intellectual property rights. In order to further optimize and improve the administrative law enforcement of intellectual property, it is necessary to accurately define the relationship between administrative law enforcement of intellectual property and judicial protection, improve the relevant laws and regulations on the administrative law enforcement of intellectual property, and break down the obstacles to the institutional mechanism of administrative law enforcement of intellectual property. In the digital era, it is necessary to enhance the capacity of digital administrative law enforcement of intellectual property from the technical and institutional levels to cope with the challenges posed to administrative law enforcement of intellectual property by new business forms and modes such as network technology and data technology.