作者：温世扬
作者介绍：武汉大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年8月9日
内容提要 中国民法中“一般人格权”的规范基础在于《民法典》第990条第2款。该款既系《宪法》第33条第3款“尊重和保障人权”规定的转介条款，也是以“人身自由、人格尊严”为基础的一般条款和“非典型人格法益”的兜底保护条款。“人身自由”和“人格尊严”之间并无位阶差异，二者构成整体性教义，旨在保障社会交往背景下主体人格的自由发展和平等主体之间的相互承认和尊重。第990条第2款中的“非典型人格法益”与同条第1款中“等权利”在发挥补充功能时存在位序差异，其类型化可进一步从自决地位、人格平等性和人格完整性三个方面予以展开。
关键词 民法典 一般人格权 非典型人格法益 人身自由 人格尊严
Abstract: The normative basis of ‘general personality rights’ in Chinese civil law lies in paragraph 2 of article 990 of the Civil Code. This paragraph is not only a referral clause for ‘respect and protection of human rights’ stipulated in paragraph 3 of article 33 of the Constitution, but also a general clause based on ‘personal freedom and personal dignity’ and a comprehensive protection clause for ‘atypical personal legal interests’. There is no hierarchical difference between ‘personal freedom’ and ‘personal dignity’ . The two constitute a holistic doctrine, which aims to ensure the free development of the subject’s personality in the context of social interaction and the mutual recognition and respect between equal subjects. Accordingly, the typification of ‘atypical personality legal benefits’ in paragraph 2 of article 990 can be further developed from the three aspects of self-determination status, personality equality, and personality integrity. At the same time, it must be noted that the ‘equivalent rights’ in paragraph 1 of the same article are playing sequence differences when supplementing functions.