作者：史立梅
作者介绍：北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院教授
出版日期：2022年8月9日
内容提要 醉驾入刑带来了我国犯罪结构和刑罚分布的明显变化，同时也带来了较为严重的刑罚溢出效应问题。针对醉驾入罪入刑过度问题，程序出罪较之其他出罪路径更能获得普遍认同。目前我国轻微刑事案件的程序出罪体现于公安机关的立案环节和检察机关的不起诉环节，但存在较多问题。欲充分发挥程序出罪对醉驾治理的功能，需要从程序法理论上予以反思。针对以醉驾为主的轻微犯罪，我国有必要强化司法程序的出罪功能，使刑事诉讼从原有的圆柱状结构向漏斗型结构转化。需罚性理论可以为醉驾案件程序出罪提供相应的依据并框定程序出罪的基本逻辑。未来我国醉驾案件的程序出罪路径可以从区分醉驾案件的实体出罪和程序出罪、完善现有的程序出罪路径、挖掘潜在的程序出罪路径等方面加以完善。
关键词 醉驾案件 程序出罪 诉讼结构 需罚性 特殊预防
Abstract: The criminalization of drunk driving has brought significant changes in the structure of crime and penalty in China, and in the meantime brought a more serious penalty spillover effect. In view of solving the problem of over-criminalization of drunk driving, procedural decriminalization is more widely accepted than other approaches. At present, the drunk driving case in China is mainly decriminalized by the non-prosecution power of procuratorial organs, but there are many problems. In order to realize the function of procedural decriminalization in the administration of drunk driving, we need to rethink it from the theory of procedural law. In view of misdemeanor crimes, it is necessary for China to strengthen the decriminalization function of the judicial process to change the original cylindrical structure into the funnel-shaped structure of the criminal procedure. The theory of the need for punishment can provide the corresponding basis for the decriminalization of drunk driving cases and frame the basic logic. In the future, the path of procedural decriminalization of drunk driving cases can be improved by distinguishing the entity decriminalization from the procedure one, perfecting the existing procedures and excavating the potential procedure, and so on.