作者：林华
作者介绍：中国政法大学法治政府研究院教授
出版日期：2022年8月9日
内容提要 我国《行政许可法》试图建构对行政许可事项、实施机关、条件、程序和期限的体系化约束机制，其中行政许可条件的设定方式决定了行政许可规制的整体效果。基于“设定规范—法律条款—单项条件”的行政许可条件构造逻辑，空白模式、授权模式、兜底模式和裁量模式构成了当前单行法律规范设定行政许可条件的主要模式。在法律明确性原则和行政许可设定确定性规则的双重制度约束下，既有的行政许可条件设定模式面临着法律实施的困境，行政许可条件的范围和内容呈现出“摇摆的不确定性”。在平衡行政许可条件设定的确定性规则与现代行政所必需的灵活性之间关系的基础上，优化行政许可条件的设定需要约束空白授权的适用、规范兜底条款的设置、公开裁量基准的内容、明确有关规定的范围，进而塑造对行政许可条件设定的层次化约束。
关键词 行政许可 行政许可条件 行政许可设定 行政审批
Abstract: The Administrative Licensing Law of China attempts to construct a systematic constraint mechanism on the matters, implementing organs, procedures, conditions and time limits of administrative licensing, among which the setting mode of administrative licensing conditions determines the regulation effect of administrative licensing. According to the framed logic of administrative licensing conditions which contains ‘law, clause and single condition’, Blank Mode, Authorization Mode, Bottom Line Mode and Discretionary Mode constitute the main setting mode of administrative licensing conditions in the legal system. Based on the dual requirements of the principle of Legal Clarity and the rule for clarity of the setting of administrative licensing, the existing setting mode of administrative licensing conditions faces the dilemma of law implementation, and the scope and content of administrative licensing conditions show ‘waving uncertainty’. On the basis of balancing the relationship between the rule for clarity of the setting of administrative licensing conditions and the necessary flexibility of modern administration, to optimize the setting of administrative licensing conditions, we need to constrain the application of blank authorization, normalize the setting of bottom-line terms, disclose the content of the discretion benchmark, clarify the scope of the relevant provisions, and shape the layering constraint to the setting of administrative licensing conditions.