作者：何艳玲
作者介绍：中国人民大学公共管理学院教授
出版日期：2022年8月9日
内容提要 对住房物权及其衍生的人格权、相邻权等权利的保护成为中国式邻避纠纷的基础动力。与物权逐步赋归相伴随的是，由物权而衍生的其他权利并未得到及时关注，相适配的法律制度也并未及时调整和配套，导致了某种程度的物权空置。治理过程中的物权空置是邻避纠纷的制度成因并塑造了中国式邻避纠纷的特质。这具体表现在：赋予财产权和人格权，但保障该权利的法律建设滞后；赋予诉讼权等程序性权利，但保留有效行使这一权利的组织进入权；赋予相邻污染救济权，但法律关系认定相对混乱。物权空置同时反映了在中国法治发展和转型过程中，存在“法律脱嵌治理”现象。
关键词 中国式邻避纠纷 物权 物权空置 法律脱嵌治理 住房
Abstract: The protection of the real right of housing and its derived right of personality and neighboring rights has become the basic driving force of NIMBY conflictsdisputes in China. With the gradual transfer of real rights to people, other rights derived from real rights have not been timely paid attention to, and the corresponding legal system has not been timely adjusted and matched, resulting in a certain degree of ‘vacancy of real rights’. The vacancy of property rights in the process of governance is the institutional cause of the NIMBY disputesconflict and shapes the characteristics of the Chinese NIMBY disputesconflict. This is manifested in the following aspects: entrusting property rights and personality rights, but the legal construction to guarantee this right lags behind; granting procedural rights such as the right of litigation, but retaining the right of organizational access to effectively exercise this right; the neighboring pollution relief right is given, but the legal relationship is relatively confused. The vacancy of property rights also reflects the important problem of ‘making governance disembedded from law’ in the development and transformation of China’s rule of law.