作者：张继成
作者介绍： 中南财经政法大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年6月9日
内容提要 司法实践中对“知道”“明知”“应当知道”等概念的解释和适用是较为混乱的，其根源在于人们对知道规则的内在逻辑等基础理论缺乏系统认识。借助知道逻辑、评价逻辑的基本原理和方法，系统分析《民法典》《刑法》中的知道规则后，可以发现：不同规范目的对知道算子所连接命题中的事实属性与价值属性具有不同要求，这就决定了每个知道命题在特定法律规范中的逻辑结构、规范功能、价值属性、认知结果获得方式等方面存在明显差异，知道规则的内在逻辑与科学分类由此得以充分展现。掌握知道规则的内在逻辑与科学分类，可以帮助司法人员把握每个知道算子在特定规范中的准确含义，从而达到正确司法、统一司法的目的。
关键词 知道 明知 应当知道 知道规则 知道算子
Abstract: In judicial practice, the interpretation and application of the concepts of ‘know’ , ‘know perfectly well’ and ‘should know’ are relatively chaotic, which is rooted in people’s lack of systematic understanding of the basic theories such as the internal logic of the knowledge rule. Based on the basic principles and methods of knowing logic and evaluation logic, and in virtue of systematically analyzing the knowledge rules in the Civil Code and the Criminal Law, it can be found that: Different normative purposes have different requirements for the factual and value attributes of knowing operators, which determines that each knowing operator has obvious differences in the logical structure, normative function, value attribute and the way to obtain cognitive results in specific legal norms. The internal logic and scientific classification of the knowledge rule can be fully displayed through those differences. These internal logic and scientific classification can help judicial personnel accurately grasp the accurate meaning of each knowing operator in specific norms, so as to achieve the purpose of correct judicature and unified judicature.