作者：姚建龙
作者介绍：上海社会科学院法学研究所研究员
出版日期：2022年6月9日
内容提要 《预防未成年人犯罪法》所界定的“严重不良行为”的问题是，将违警行为和触刑行为两种法律性质截然不同的未成年人罪错行为强行合二为一，并适用同样的程序和干预措施。违警行为在未成年人罪错行为分级体系中应具有独立的分级地位，在《预防未成年人犯罪法》与《治安管理处罚法》竞合时，应当优先适用保护处分措施，并排斥治安管理处罚措施的适用。《预防未成年人犯罪法》应进一步贯彻保护主义，在法律解释与适用时坚持保护主义立场。新修订的《预防未成年人犯罪法》的少年法化是不完全的，应进一步推动该法的少年法化，除了赋予违警行为以独立罪错行为的类型地位外，还应建立更加系统的保护处分措施体系，同时将包括违警行为在内的未成年人罪错行为的“先议权”赋予专门的少年审判机构。
关键词 预防未成年人犯罪法 未成年人罪错 违警行为 保护主义 先议权
Abstract: The big problem of ‘serious misconduct’ defined in the Law on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency is to ‘forcibly’ combine two kinds of wrongdoings with different legal natures, violation and delinquency, into one and apply the same procedure and intervention measures. The violations should enjoy independent status in the ranking system of wrongdoings by minors, and when the Law on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the Law on Public Security Administration and Punishment concurrently apply, the protective treatment shall prevail, excluding the application of punitive measures of public security administration. The protectionism should be further implemented in the Law on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the protectionist position should be adhered to at the time of interpreting and applying the law. The process of turning the Law on Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency through amendment into a juvenile law is not complete, thus more efforts should be made. In addition to classifying violations as an independent type of wrongdoings, more systematically protective treatment system should be established, and the ‘power to preliminary review’ of wrongdoings by minors including violations shall be granted to special juvenile trial authorities.