作者：陈征楠
作者介绍：华南理工大学法学院副教授，法学博士
出版日期：2022年4月9日
内容提要 法律价值是法律思想史中最富有争议的难题之一，其核心难点表现为，在法律实践中，对于各种类型法律价值的偏好和取舍，通常仅被视为不同民族和时代的选择问题。该难点的内在根源在于，在传统法学理论的研究中，法律价值之间的权衡与博弈，往往受制于何谓实践理性这一实践哲学的传统认识论问题。何以在法律价值研究中超越传统实践哲学的认识论背景，为多种类型法律价值的定性、整合提供某种具有功能主义优势的技术化论据，是克服此难点的关键。以高度的功能主义色彩为特征，系统理论的观察视角能够将法律系统的运作区分为具有技术差异性的逻辑单元。据此，可从底线、独特与衍生三个角度析出秩序、公正与效益三种法律价值，分别对应于法律系统的形式性、职能性和环境性价值，最终实现法律价值研究中由认识论向系统论的功能主义还原。
关键词 法律价值 系统论 认识论 实践理性 功能主义
Abstract: Legal value is one of the most controversial problems in the history of legal thought, and its central difficulty is that in legal practice, the preference and trade-offs between various types of legal values are often regarded as merely a matter of choice for different nations and times. The root of this difficulty lies in the fact that in the study of traditional legal theory, the trade-offs among legal values are often restricted by the traditional epistemological question of what is practical rationality in practical philosophy. The key to overcoming the difficulty is to go beyond the epistemological background of traditional practical philosophy in the study of legal values and to provide some kind of technical arguments with functionalist advantages for the characterization and integration of multiple types of legal values. Characterized by a high degree of functionalism, the observational perspective of systems theory is able to distinguish the functioning of legal systems into logical units with technical differentiation. Accordingly, legal values can be classified as bottom-line, distinctive and derivative, in terms of the order, justice, and benefit, corresponding to the formal, functional, and environmental values of the legal system respectively, and ultimately achieving a functionalist reduction from epistemology to systems theory in the study of legal values.