作者：张华
作者介绍：南京大学法学院教授
出版日期：2022年4月9日
内容提要 网络空间如何适用禁止使用武力原则这一问题深受“实证主义路径”下商谈进程的影响。各国新近就网络空间国际法适用问题所发布的立场文件倾向于采纳效果标准。由于效果标准固有的缺陷，以及在解释和适用方面存在多重法律不确定性，国际社会应谨防过早将其转化为实证法的倾向。“实证主义路径”的法律困境需要“情境主义路径”来化解。综合考虑相关因素的“情境主义路径”强调个案分析，在现阶段较为适合对网络攻击进行客观准确的定性。基于禁止使用武力原则适用于网络空间这一基本立场，中国在网络空间国际造法进程中应及时就相关国际法问题传达中国方案，适时发表立场文件，以引领网络空间国际法的发展潮流。
关键词 禁止使用武力原则 网络空间 实证主义路径 情境主义路径
Abstract: The application of the prohibition of the use of force in cyberspace is deeply influenced by the discourse process in the positivist approach. The recent position papers issued by relevant States on the application of international law in cyberspace have been inclined to adopt the effects-based criterion over this matter. However, due to its legal uncertainties in many aspects, the premature transformation of effects-based criterion into positive law should be dealt with cautiously. The legal impasse resulting from the positivist approach could be resolved by the contextualist approach. By taking account of relevant elements, the contextualist approach underlines case-by-case analysis, and is more appropriate for carrying out the objective and accurate qualification of cyber-attacks for the time being. Bearing in mind the fundamental position that the prohibition of the use of force is to be applied to cyberspace, during the international lawmaking process for cyberspace, China should produce constructive proposals on the relevant legal issues and release China’s position paper in time so as to lead the trend of development in the field of cyber international law.